Writing

Thoughts on Technology & Craft

Essays and notes on engineering, GenAI, and the practices that help teams build better software.

GenAI Blog Series

Exploring practical AI workflows

How GPT Knows What to Say Next ?

Let’s assume you have a clever and extra-ordinary robot which reads articles,books and websites . Now whenever you asks quetion to robot it gives answer from what he read from the books,articles and websites.Then this robot works like an GPT- Generat...

What is tokenization ?

Tokenization plays a crucial role in how GPT and other large language models (LLMs) understand and generate responses. In this blog, we’ll break down what tokenization is, why it’s so important, and the common techniques used in GPT-like systems. Wha...

What are vector embeddings ?

Imagine you have a huge wardrobe where you’ve tossed in all your clothes — shirts, shoes, dresses, jackets in no particular order. Instead of sorting them by size or color, you organize them by vibe: Comfortable home clothes in one section Elegant...

System Prompts in AI: The Hidden Force Shaping LLM Behavior

In the rapidly evolving world of artificial intelligence, especially with the rise of Large Language Models (LLMs) like GPT, Claude, and LLaMA, one crucial yet often overlooked element determines how these models think and respond — system prompts. T...

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG): Making AI Smarter by Letting It “Look Stuff Up”

Large language models (LLMs) like GPT are amazing at generating human-like text. But let’s be honest—they have their flaws. Sometimes they make up facts (we call this hallucination), and they don’t know anything that happened after their training cut...

Computer Networks

Fundamentals and architecture

Behind the Click: The Hidden Journey of Your Data

How the Internet Works Have you ever wondered how clicking a link opens a webpage in seconds? The internet is a marvel of modern technology, enabling global communication, commerce, and entertainment. Let’s embark on an exciting journey to uncover th...

Essential Networking Jargon You Need to Know

OSI (Open System Interconnection) model It is a conceptual framework used to understand and standardize how different network protocols interact in a communication system . It further divided into seven layers : (From bottom to top) Physical layer ...

( SSL / TLS ): Essential Tools for Securing Internet Data

To Understand SSL/TLS firstly we see where it used , HTTP vs HTTPS: Understanding Secure Communication HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol): Standard protocol for transferring data between a web browser and a server. Data is sent in plaintext, makin...

JavaScript

Notes from building in the browser

Exploring Array Methods Used on ChaiCode Website : Enhancing Web Development Skills

1. map() The map method lets you loop on each element inside the array, and manipulate them as per the requirement. Scenario: Earning Commission on Chaicode’s Affiliate Platform Imagine you are a student who wants to earn extra money by referring Cha...

The Power of Polyfills: Writing Cross-Browser JavaScript Code

What are Polyfills? A polyfill in JavaScript is a piece of code that provides modern functionality on older browsers that do not natively support it. It essentially acts as a fallback, allowing developers to use new JavaScript features without worryi...

JavaScript Under the Hood: High-Level & Low-Level Design of the JS Engine

When we write code in JavaScript and execute it using node <filename.js>, an execution context is created. This execution context is placed into a call stack, which processes tasks in a structured manner. The call stack executes all tasks without wai...